Principles of Defensive Driving
- 1/20While driving in urban traffic, the safest way to check blind spots is
Defensive drivers routinely check mirrors and turn their head to see blind spots. This prevents collisions with cyclists or vehicles not seen peripherally.
The 3 second rule in traffic is used to
Keeping a safe gap allows for emergency braking and helps assess road hazards. It reduces the risk of rear-end collisions in unpredictable conditions.
On approaching a roundabout, a defensive driver
Slowing early at junctions gives time to assess right-of-way. This minimizes surprises and allows safer turns or stops.
Proper early communication of driving intentions involves
Signaling in advance warns other drivers of your intent. It promotes smoother traffic flow and reduces sudden reactions.
When driving past parked vehicles on a narrow street
Defensive drivers stay ready for doors opening, kids darting out, or merging cars. Such anticipation allows quicker and safer response.
In adverse weather conditions, a driver should
Wet or icy conditions demand longer stopping distances. Defensive drivers reduce speed and widen gaps to adapt to the road.
If a driver frequently glances at their mirrors while driving
Checking mirrors frequently helps track surrounding vehicles. This ensures awareness before lane changes, braking, or merging.
When experiencing sudden vehicle malfunction, the driver should
Activating hazard lights signals trouble or danger to others. It prevents confusion and protects you during breakdowns or unexpected stops.
Following another vehicle too closely is dangerous because
Following too closely gives little room to react to sudden braking. Defensive drivers maintain a buffer to prevent rear-end crashes.
The safest time to signal a turn is
Signaling late can confuse or alarm others. Early communication keeps all road users better informed of your intentions.
Frequently overtaking in city traffic reflects
Frequent weaving increases crash risk and causes stress. Defensive drivers stay in one lane when possible and plan movements.
When a driver adjusts speed or behavior due to road or weather changes
Defensive drivers assess surroundings constantly. This includes watching other vehicles, road conditions, and pedestrians.
The safest approach to pedestrian crossings is to
Anticipating pedestrian movement avoids last-minute braking. Defensive driving prioritizes vulnerable users well in advance.
Anticipation in defensive driving helps to
Spotting risks such as speeding cars or swerving bikes gives time to react. Early detection leads to calmer, safer maneuvers.
When another driver is acting recklessly, the correct response is to
Defensive drivers make space for unpredictability from other vehicles or pedestrians. This reduces the likelihood of sudden collisions.
If a vehicle follows too closely behind you, you should
If another driver is aggressive, defensive drivers de-escalate. Remaining calm avoids dangerous confrontations or road rage.
When a cyclist or pedestrian is weaving unpredictably ahead, the safe action is
Defensive drivers allow extra space for cyclists, pedestrians, or scooter users. This prevents dangerous proximity or overtaking incidents.
Defensive drivers avoid overtaking on bends or hill crests because
Overtaking when view is limited risks head-on collisions. Defensive drivers wait for clear sightlines and avoid taking such risks.
Driving within sight distance means
Driving at a distance improves reaction time to hazards ahead. Especially in fog or rain, this helps you brake or steer safely.
Before changing lanes, a defensive driver
Mirrors and a shoulder check confirm the lane is clear. This final glance avoids hitting vehicles in blind spots or hidden by mirrors.